Identifying and Treating Hypothermia in Pets

Hypothermia in pets is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a pet’s body temperature drops too low due to prolonged exposure to cold. Dogs and cats, especially small breeds, short-haired pets, and those with medical conditions, are at higher risk. Recognizing the early signs and knowing how to respond can save your pet’s life. This guide covers how to identify hypothermia, immediate first aid steps, and when to seek veterinary care.

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1. What is Hypothermia in Pets?

Hypothermia occurs when a pet’s body temperature falls below its normal range:

• Dogs: Normal temperature is 101–102.5°F (38.3–39.2°C). Hypothermia begins when it drops below 99°F (37.2°C).
• Cats: Normal temperature is 100.5–102.5°F (38–39.2°C). Hypothermia starts below 99°F (37.2°C).

Cold temperatures, wet fur, and wind exposure can all increase the risk. Without quick intervention, hypothermia can cause organ failure, unconsciousness, and death.

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2. Causes of Hypothermia in Pets

Pets can develop hypothermia from prolonged exposure to cold weather or wet conditions. Common causes include:

• Staying outside too long in freezing temperatures
• Falling into icy water
• Being left in a cold car
• Short-haired or small pets losing body heat quickly
• Senior pets or those with health conditions struggling to regulate body temperature

Cold weather alone isn’t the only danger—wet fur and strong winds can increase heat loss dramatically.

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3. Signs of Hypothermia in Pets

Hypothermia in pets progresses through three stages: mild, moderate, and severe. Recognizing early symptoms is key to preventing serious complications.

Mild Hypothermia (Body Temperature: 90–99°F / 32–37°C)

• Shivering
• Cold ears, paws, or tail
• Lethargy or weakness
• Whining or seeking warmth

Moderate Hypothermia (Body Temperature: 82–90°F / 28–32°C)

• Intense shivering or shivering stops suddenly
• Slower heart rate
• Confusion or difficulty walking
• Pale or bluish gums and skin

Severe Hypothermia (Body Temperature: Below 82°F / 28°C)

• Muscle stiffness
• Shallow breathing or difficulty breathing
• Weak or slow heartbeat
• Loss of consciousness or coma

If your pet shows signs of moderate to severe hypothermia, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.

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4. First Aid: How to Treat Hypothermia in Pets

If you suspect your pet has hypothermia, follow these first aid steps while preparing to get veterinary help.

Step 1: Move Your Pet Indoors

Bring your pet inside immediately. If they are wet, gently pat them dry with a towel. Avoid rubbing, as this can damage cold-sensitive skin.

Step 2: Use Warm (Not Hot) Blankets

Wrap your pet in dry, warm blankets or towels. You can warm blankets in a dryer before wrapping your pet, but avoid overheating.

Step 3: Apply Gentle Heat

Use warm water bottles wrapped in cloth, heating pads on the lowest setting, or warm rice socks to gradually warm your pet’s body. Place them near the chest or abdomen. Avoid direct heat sources like hairdryers, which can cause burns.

Step 4: Offer Lukewarm Water

If your pet is alert, offer lukewarm water (never hot) to help raise internal body temperature. Avoid giving food until they’re fully warmed.

Step 5: Monitor Their Temperature

If you have a pet thermometer, check their rectal temperature every 10 minutes. Stop warming efforts once they reach 100°F (37.7°C) to prevent overheating.

Step 6: Seek Veterinary Care

Even if your pet seems to recover, always contact a veterinarian. Hypothermia can cause internal damage that isn’t immediately visible.

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5. When to Seek Emergency Veterinary Care

If your pet shows any of these signs, go to a vet immediately:

• Shivering stops suddenly
• Weak or irregular heartbeat
• Difficulty breathing
• Loss of consciousness
• Severe confusion or inability to stand

Veterinarians may use IV fluids, warm air therapy, or heated blankets to restore body temperature safely.

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6. Preventing Hypothermia in Pets

1. Limit Outdoor Exposure

• Avoid long walks in freezing weather, especially for small or short-haired pets.
• Keep outdoor playtime brief in extreme cold.

2. Dress Pets in Winter Gear

• Use pet-safe coats and sweaters for small or short-haired dogs.
• Consider booties to protect paws from cold and de-icing salts.

3. Dry Pets After Outdoor Activity

• Towel-dry wet fur immediately after being in snow or rain.
• Keep fur trimmed but not too short, as a natural coat provides insulation.

4. Keep Indoor Spaces Warm

• Provide warm bedding away from drafts.
• Avoid leaving pets in cold garages, basements, or cars.

5. Never Leave Pets in Cold Cars

• Just like in summer heat, cars can become dangerously cold in winter.
• Bring pets inside or provide heated shelters for outdoor pets.

By taking these precautions, pet owners can prevent hypothermia before it becomes a serious issue.

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Conclusion

Hypothermia in pets is a dangerous condition that requires quick action. Recognizing the signs—such as shivering, cold extremities, and lethargy—can help you intervene early. If your pet becomes hypothermic, gradual warming and immediate veterinary care are critical. With proper prevention, including limiting cold exposure and providing warm shelter, you can keep your pet safe, healthy, and comfortable all winter long.

References: GunDogs, Purina